Well, for both conditions, it depends on amount filled, engine type and model year.
A. Putting diesel to
gasoline engine.
These problems have less incident than putting gasoline to
diesel engine. Due to diesel nozzle diameter in the gas station is bigger than
gasoline filler neck in the car. Diesel nozzle filler diameter is about 24 - 25
cm and gasoline nozzle filler diameter is 21 cm. But, somehow these are still
happening now.
If you put diesel on small amount, around 5 litres, to almost empty gasoline tank, the engine would run OK initially but would cause knocking several
minutes later (you can see the detail effect on below video by Fifth Gear). It
happened due to diesel made octane level in gasoline become lower than initial condition.
Then, the lowered octane caused gasoline become easier to burn and it means the
mixed fuel detonated before the optimum moment. So, as driver and passenger, we
could hear knocking sound and judder (vibration) feeling.
If it happens in significant frequency and over the times, the engine will damage by causing metal fatigue eventually leading to failure of critical parts like pistons, connecting rods, and head. It also causing unburnt hydrocarbons exist in the exhaust systems and make catalytic converter overheat then bad air pollution. In the video, the result of emission test remain OK, due to the mixed fuel added by gasoline fuel later to lowered diesel fuel properties. The gasoline car then running OK without any serious problem. No need to draining the fuel tank and changing the related impact components.
In severe case, it won’t start. Diesel fuel has different way to ignite. It needs high pressure and does not evaporate as gasoline. Then, diesel has higher vapor point than gasoline. So, it won’t flame easily as gasoline does. After putting the diesel in, starting the engine, at the same time, fuel pump injecting the fuel to engine via injector and spark plug won’t able to fire the fuel. So, the engine has no ignition. To fix it, you should draining fuel tank and filling again with gasoline, then cranking the engine to throw up the unwanted diesel. If you put big amount of diesel, you should add cleaning the injector and changing the fuel filter as necessary action.
If it happens in significant frequency and over the times, the engine will damage by causing metal fatigue eventually leading to failure of critical parts like pistons, connecting rods, and head. It also causing unburnt hydrocarbons exist in the exhaust systems and make catalytic converter overheat then bad air pollution. In the video, the result of emission test remain OK, due to the mixed fuel added by gasoline fuel later to lowered diesel fuel properties. The gasoline car then running OK without any serious problem. No need to draining the fuel tank and changing the related impact components.
In severe case, it won’t start. Diesel fuel has different way to ignite. It needs high pressure and does not evaporate as gasoline. Then, diesel has higher vapor point than gasoline. So, it won’t flame easily as gasoline does. After putting the diesel in, starting the engine, at the same time, fuel pump injecting the fuel to engine via injector and spark plug won’t able to fire the fuel. So, the engine has no ignition. To fix it, you should draining fuel tank and filling again with gasoline, then cranking the engine to throw up the unwanted diesel. If you put big amount of diesel, you should add cleaning the injector and changing the fuel filter as necessary action.
B. Putting gasoline
to diesel engine.
This condition would be worse than vice versa, but these
problems occur more frequent. Due to gasoline nozzle diameter in the gas
station is smaller than diesel filler neck in the car.
If you put small amount gasoline, around 5 litres, to almost empty diesel tank, it
could damage some fuel system components and some exhaust system components. On
the video, fire spark occurred in exhaust system and caused very bad pollution
after one and half hours driving. It happened due to gasoline has higher operational
temperature than diesel. It also over heating the engine due to higher friction in combustion chamber (metal to metal contact). In diesel
engine, fuel act as a lubricant for the engine and
the injection system. When petrol meets the diesel engine, it causing the fuel
to lose its lubrication properties and cause the engine and fuel pump to wear
down through friction or destroying them in severe case. Modern diesel car use higher pressure and tighter tolerances in fuel pump. So, this misfuelling could particularly damage the fuel pump.
On the video, the car did not pass the emission test. Since the diesel car was still filled by wrong fuel (different with previous condition). So, bad pollution occurred. Then the engine off due to empty fuel maybe. Because later that, it put by right fuel and the engine run remained OK. Even the smoke color back to initial diesel smoke color. No damaging components and the car work as original condition in next several days.
On the video, the car did not pass the emission test. Since the diesel car was still filled by wrong fuel (different with previous condition). So, bad pollution occurred. Then the engine off due to empty fuel maybe. Because later that, it put by right fuel and the engine run remained OK. Even the smoke color back to initial diesel smoke color. No damaging components and the car work as original condition in next several days.
In severe case, petrol could
prematurely combusted and caused pre detonation by forcing pistons to rise and
go back down out of their order because of its lower volatility and could
combusted in lower pressure than diesel. This kind of force may prove
disastrous for many internal components in the engine block and it condition
could happen when you put big amount gasoline in the engine and start it up.
The best way to avoid this severe condition is do not turn
on the engine when you just realized putting gasoline to the diesel engine or if
you realized after several minutes or kilometers, try to find nearer workshop
to fix the problem by draining the tank and change several problem components
related.
Conclusion
The misfuelling effects are various for every incident. It depends on amount of fuel, engine type and model year. In the video, the misfuelling have no big impact since it put in less amount, old car model year, and later added by right fuel. But it can cause severe condition in new model car, such as engine off, damaging engine, damaging components and bad air pollution. It caused by higher pressure and tighter tolerance on fuel pump, more sensitive sensor on catalytic converter and tighter octane and cetane level in fuel. So, it would be better if you go to official workshop to fix the problem correctly, such as draining the tank, changing impact components related, cranking the engine for unwanted fuel, cleaning the fuel filter and so on.
Conclusion
The misfuelling effects are various for every incident. It depends on amount of fuel, engine type and model year. In the video, the misfuelling have no big impact since it put in less amount, old car model year, and later added by right fuel. But it can cause severe condition in new model car, such as engine off, damaging engine, damaging components and bad air pollution. It caused by higher pressure and tighter tolerance on fuel pump, more sensitive sensor on catalytic converter and tighter octane and cetane level in fuel. So, it would be better if you go to official workshop to fix the problem correctly, such as draining the tank, changing impact components related, cranking the engine for unwanted fuel, cleaning the fuel filter and so on.
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